Before buying land, it’s essential to conduct thorough due diligence to ensure that the property is legally sound and free from encumbrances. Here are the key documents you need to check before making a land purchase:
Title Deed:
Ownership Verification: Ensure that the seller’s name on the title deed matches the current seller. Verify past transactions and ensure a clear chain of ownership.
Encumbrance Certificate:
Liens and Mortgages: This certificate verifies that the property is free from legal and monetary liabilities such as mortgages, pending legal actions, or any other encumbrances.
Survey and Land Records:
Property Boundaries: Verify the land’s boundaries and dimensions through the latest survey records and land maps.
Patta Certificate:
Ownership and Cultivation Details: Patta is a revenue record indicating ownership details and land area. It also confirms the payment of land revenue.
Chitta Extract:
Land Details: Chitta contains details about the land, including size, assessment, and tax details.
Adangal:
Cultivation Details: Adangal provides information about the cultivation, crops grown, and the person cultivating the land.
Mutation Register Extract (Mutation Certificate):
Record of Changes: It contains details of changes in ownership due to buying, selling, inheritance, or any other reasons.
Zoning and Land Use Clearances:
Local Planning Authority: Ensure that the land is designated for the purpose you intend to use it for, whether residential, commercial, agricultural, or industrial.
Release Certificate (if applicable):
Loan Clearance: If the land was mortgaged, ensure that the mortgage is cleared and a release certificate is obtained from the financing institution.
NOC from Relevant Authorities:
Environmental and Civic Clearances: Depending on the location and land use, obtain No Objection Certificates (NOCs) from environmental and local civic authorities.
Tax Receipts:
Property Tax: Ensure that all property taxes have been paid up to the current date. Check and obtain receipts as proof of payment.
Sale Agreement and Sale Deed:
Legal Documents: Review the sale agreement and sale deed carefully. Ensure that all terms and conditions are clearly mentioned, including the sale price, payment schedule, and possession date.
Power of Attorney (if applicable):
Authorized Signatories: If the seller is not the owner and has a power of attorney, verify the document’s authenticity and legality.
Physical Verification:
Site Visit: Personally visit the site to verify its physical condition, boundaries, and neighboring properties.
Legal Opinion:
Legal Expert: Seek legal advice from a property lawyer who can verify the documents and provide an opinion on the property’s legal standing.
Ensuring that all these documents are in order and conducting a comprehensive legal and physical verification will significantly reduce the risk associated with buying land and help you make an informed decision.
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